\begin{thebibliography}{} \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Arthur}{Arthur}{1991}]{ArthurEconomicAgents} Arthur, W.~B. (1991). \newblock Designing economic agents that act like human agents: A behavioral approach to bounded rationality. \newblock {\em American Economic Review\/}~{\em 81\/}(2), 353--359. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Arthur}{Arthur}{1994}]{ArthurBR} Arthur, W.~B. (1994). \newblock Inductive reasoning and bounded rationality. \newblock {\em Aea Papers and Proceedings\/}~{\em 84\/}(2), 406--411. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Asada, Uchibe, and Hosoda}{Asada et~al.}{1995}]{AsadaAgents} Asada, M., E.~Uchibe, and K.~Hosoda (1995). \newblock Agents that learn from other competitive agents. \newblock In D.~Gordon (Ed.), {\em Working Notes of the ICML '95 Workshop on Agents that Learn from Other Agents}, Tahoe City, CA. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Beale}{Beale}{1991}]{BealeNN} Beale, R. (1991). \newblock {\em Neural Computing: An Introduction}. \newblock Bristol: Philadelphia: Institute of Physics Publishing. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Blum}{Blum}{1992}]{BlumNN} Blum, A. (1992). \newblock {\em Neural Networks in C++}. \newblock John Wiley and Sons. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Caldas and Coelho}{Caldas and Coelho}{1992}]{CaldasMarkets} Caldas, J.~C. and H.~Coelho (1992). \newblock Strategic interaction in oligopolistic markets - experimenting with real and artificial agents. \newblock In {\em Artificial Social Systems: 4th European Workshop on Modelling Autonomous Agents in a Multi-Agent World}. Springer-Verlag. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Durnota and Sawyer}{Durnota and Sawyer}{1996}]{DurnotaTraders} Durnota, B. and K.~Sawyer (1996, March 23-27). \newblock The use of object-oriented formal specification in modelling interactive traders in an asset market. \newblock In {\em {AIS}'96. Sixth Annual Conference on {AI}, Simulation and Planning in High Autonomy Systems, Addendum}, La Jolla, California, pp.\ 9--16. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Fogel, Fogel, and Atmar}{Fogel et~al.}{1991}]{FogelMetaEP} Fogel, D., L.~Fogel, and J.~Atmar (1991). \newblock Meta-evolutionary programming. \newblock In R.~R. Chen (Ed.), {\em Proceedings of 25th {A}silomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers}, Pacific {G}rove, {C}alifornia, pp.\ 540--545. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Fogel}{Fogel}{1994}]{FogelEPIntro} Fogel, D.~B. (1994). \newblock Evolutionary programming: an introduction and current directions. \newblock {\em Statistics and Computing\/}~{\em 1\/}(4), 113--129. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Fogel}{Fogel}{1995}]{FogelNew} Fogel, D.~B. (1995). \newblock {\em Evolutionary Computation: Toward a New Philosophy of Machine Intelligence\/} (1st ed.). \newblock IEEE Press. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Fogel}{Fogel}{1966}]{FogelAI} Fogel, L.~J. (1966). \newblock {\em Artificial Intelligence Through Simulated Evolution\/} (1st ed.). \newblock John Wiley and Sons. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Herdy}{Herdy}{1990}]{HerdyES} Herdy, M. (1990, October). \newblock Application of the 'evolutionsstrategie' to discrete optimisation problems. \newblock In H.~Schwefel and R.~Manner (Eds.), {\em Parallel Problem Solving from Nature}, pp.\ 188--192. Springer-Verlag. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Holland}{Holland}{1992}]{HollandGA} Holland, J.~H. (1992, July). \newblock Genetic algorithms. \newblock {\em Scientific American\/}~{\em 267\/}(1), 44--50. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Holland and Miller}{Holland and Miller}{1991}]{HollandAIAgents} Holland, J.~H. and J.~H. Miller (1991, May). \newblock Artificial adaptive agents in economic theory. \newblock {\em American Economic Review\/}~{\em 81\/}(2), 365--370. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Kaelbling}{Kaelbling}{1991}]{Kaelbling} Kaelbling, L.~P. (1991). \newblock Foundations of learning in autonomous agents. \newblock In {\em Robotics and Autonomous Systems 8}, pp.\ 131--144. Elsevier Science Publishers. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Kleijnen}{Kleijnen}{1987}]{KleijnenStats} Kleijnen, J.~P. (1987). \newblock {\em Statistical Tools for Simulation Practitioners}. \newblock Marcel Dekker, Inc. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Koza}{Koza}{1992}]{KozaGP} Koza, J.~R. (1992). \newblock {\em Genetic Programming: On the Programming of Computers by Means of Natural Selection}. \newblock MIT Press. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Kursawe}{Kursawe}{1990}]{KursaweES} Kursawe, F. (1990, October). \newblock A variant of evolution strategies for vector optimisation. \newblock In H.~Schwefel and R.~Manner (Eds.), {\em Parallel Problem Solving from Nature}, pp.\ 193--197. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Lohmann}{Lohmann}{1990}]{LohmannES} Lohmann, R. (1990, October). \newblock Application of evolution strategy in parallel populations. \newblock In H.~Schwefel and R.~Manner (Eds.), {\em Parallel Problem Solving from Nature}, pp.\ 198--208. Springer-Verlag. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Maes}{Maes}{1994}]{MayesAA} Maes, P. (1994). \newblock Modelling adaptive autonomous agents. \newblock In {\em Artificial Life 1}, pp.\ 135--162. The MIT Press. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Miller and Goldberg}{Miller and Goldberg}{1995}]{GATournament} Miller, B.~L. and D.~E. Goldberg (1995, July). \newblock Genetic algorithms, tournament selection and the effects of noise. \newblock Technical report, Department of General Engineering, University of Illinois. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Narendra and Mandayam}{Narendra and Mandayam}{1989}]{NarendraLearning} Narendra, K.~S. and A.~T. Mandayam (1989). \newblock {\em Learning Automata: An Introduction\/} (1st ed.). \newblock Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Nissen}{Nissen}{1993}]{NissenEA} Nissen, V. (1993, July). \newblock Evolutionary algorithms in management science: An overview and list of references. \newblock Papers on Economics and Evolution. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Paul and Balmer}{Paul and Balmer}{1993}]{PaulSM} Paul, R.~J. and D.~Balmer (1993). \newblock {\em Simulation Modelling}. \newblock Chartwell-Bratt. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Rechenberg}{Rechenberg}{1973}]{RechenbergES} Rechenberg, I. (1973). \newblock {\em Evolutionsstrategie}. \newblock Frommann-Holzboog: Stuttgart. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Reynolds}{Reynolds}{1994}]{ReynoldsCA} Reynolds, R.~G. (1994). \newblock An introduction to cultural algorithms. \newblock Technical report, Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, Detroit Michigan. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Rudolph}{Rudolph}{1990}]{RudolphES} Rudolph, G. (1990, October). \newblock Global optimisation by means of distributed evolution strategies. \newblock In H.~Schwefel and R.~Manner (Eds.), {\em Parallel Problem Solving from Nature}, pp.\ 209--213. Springer-Verlag. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Russel and Norvig}{Russel and Norvig}{1995}]{RusselAI} Russel, S. and P.~Norvig (1995). \newblock {\em Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach}. \newblock Prentice-Hall, Inc. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Safai}{Safai}{1996}]{SafaiMT} Safai, R. (1996). \newblock Simulation of strategic interactions in financial markets. \newblock Master's thesis, Monash University. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Schwefel}{Schwefel}{1995}]{SchwefelES} Schwefel, H.-P. (1995). \newblock {\em Evolution and Optimum Seeking}. \newblock John Wiley and Sons, Inc. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Sutton}{Sutton}{1991}]{SuttonAnimats} Sutton, R.~S. (1991). \newblock Reinforcement learning architectures for animats. \newblock In {\em Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Simulation of Adaptive Behaviour: From Animals to Animats}, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pp.\ 288--296. MIT Press. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Tesfatsion}{Tesfatsion}{1994}]{TesfatsionAI} Tesfatsion, L. (1994, December). \newblock How to get alife. \newblock Working paper, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Thornton}{Thornton}{1992}]{ThorntonLearning} Thornton, C. (1992). \newblock {\em Techniques in Computational Learning: An Introduction\/} (1st ed.). \newblock Chapman and Hall. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Whitehead}{Whitehead}{1989}]{Whitehead} Whitehead, S. (1989). \newblock Scaling reinforcement learning systems. \newblock Technical Report 304, University of Rochester, Department of Computer Science, Rochester, NY. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Wooldridge and Jennings}{Wooldridge and Jennings}{1995}]{WooldridgeAI} Wooldridge, M.~J. and N.~R. Jennings (1995). \newblock Agent theories, architectures and languages: A survey. \newblock In M.~J. Wooldridge and N.~R. Jennings (Eds.), {\em Intelligent Agents: ECAI-94 Workshop on Agent Theories, Architectures and Languages}. Springer-Verlay. \end{thebibliography}