\begin{thebibliography}{} \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Bylander, Allemang, Tanner, and Josephson}{Bylander et~al.}{1991}]{BYLANDER91} Bylander, T., D.~Allemang, M.~C. Tanner, and J.~R. Josephson (1991). \newblock The computational complexity of abduction. \newblock {\em Artificial Intelligence\/}~{\em 49}, 25--60. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Chang, Combs, and Stachowitz}{Chang et~al.}{1990}]{CHANG90} Chang, C.~L., J.~B. Combs, and R.~A. Stachowitz (1990). \newblock A report on the expert systems validation associate (eva). \newblock {\em Expert Systems with Applications\/}~{\em 1\/}(3), 217--230. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Console, Dupre, and Torasso}{Console et~al.}{1991}]{CONSOLE91b} Console, L., D.~T. Dupre, and P.~Torasso (1991). \newblock On the relationship between abduction and deduction. \newblock {\em Journal of Logic Programming\/}~{\em 1\/}(5), 661--690. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Console and Torasso}{Console and Torasso}{1991}]{CONSOLE91a} Console, L. and P.~Torasso (1991). \newblock A spectrum of logical definitions of model-based diagnosis. \newblock {\em Computational Intelligence\/}~{\em 7\/}(3), 78--88. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{de~Kleer}{de~Kleer}{1986}]{DEKLEER86a} de~Kleer, J. (1986). \newblock An assumption-based "tms". \newblock {\em Artificial Intelligence\/}~{\em 28}, 127--162. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{deKleer and Williams}{deKleer and Williams}{1989}]{DEKLEER89} deKleer, J. and B.~C. Williams (1989, August). \newblock Diagnosis with behavioral modes. \newblock In {\em Eleventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI '89)}, Detroit, Michigan USA, pp.\ 1324--1330. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Duran and Ntafos}{Duran and Ntafos}{1984}]{DURAN84} Duran, J.~W. and S.~C. Ntafos (1984). \newblock An evaluation of random testing. \newblock {\em {IEEE} {T}ransactions on {S}oftware {E}ngineering\/}~{\em 10\/}(4), 438--443. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Feldman, Compton, and Smythe}{Feldman et~al.}{1989}]{FELDMAN89} Feldman, B.~Z., P.~J. Compton, and G.~A. Smythe (1989). \newblock Towards hypothesis testing: Justin, a prototype system using justification in context. \newblock In {\em Proceedings of the Joint Australian Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AI '89}, pp.\ 319--331. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Ginsberg}{Ginsberg}{1987}]{GINSBERG87} Ginsberg, A. (1987). \newblock A new approach to checking knowledge base for inconsistency and redundancy. \newblock In {\em The Third Annual Expert Systems in Government Conferences}, Washington D.C., pp.\ 102--111. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Ginsberg}{Ginsberg}{1988}]{GINSBERG88a} Ginsberg, A. (1988). \newblock Knowledge-base reduction: A new approach to checking knowledge bases for inconsistency and redundancy. \newblock In {\em The Seventh National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI 88)}, pp.\ 585--589. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Ginsberg, Weiss, and Politakis}{Ginsberg et~al.}{1988}]{GINSBERG88b} Ginsberg, A., S.~Weiss, and P.~Politakis (1988). \newblock Theory revision via prior operationalization. \newblock In {\em The Seventh National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI'88)}, pp.\ 585--589. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Kanovich}{Kanovich}{1991}]{KANOVICH91} Kanovich, M.~I. (1991, September). \newblock Efficient program synthesis: Semantics, logic, complexity. \newblock In {\em Theoretical Aspects of Computer Software}, Sendai, Japan. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Leake}{Leake}{1991}]{LEAKE91} Leake, D.~B. (1991). \newblock Goal-based explanation evaluation. \newblock {\em Cognitive Science\/}~{\em 15}, 509--545. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Leake}{Leake}{1993}]{LEAKE93} Leake, D.~B. (1993). \newblock Focusing construction and selection of abductive hypotheses. \newblock In {\em IJCAI '93}. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Mars and Miller}{Mars and Miller}{1987}]{MARS87} Mars, N. J.~I. and P.~L. Miller (1987). \newblock Knowledge acquisition and verification tools for medical expert systems. \newblock {\em Medical Decision Making\/}~{\em 7}, 6--11. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Mendelson}{Mendelson}{1979}]{MENDELSON79} Mendelson, E. (1979). \newblock {\em Introduction to Mathematical Logic}. \newblock Van Nostrand. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Menzies}{Menzies}{1995a}]{MENZIES95e} Menzies, T. (1995a). \newblock Applications of abduction no. 2: Knowledge-level modelling. \newblock Article, Monash University, Caulfield, Department of Software Development, Monash University, Caulfield East, Melbourne, VIC., 3145. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Menzies}{Menzies}{1995b}]{MENZIESPHD} Menzies, T. (1995b, January). \newblock {\em Principles for Generalised Testing of Knowledge Bases}. \newblock Ph.\ D. thesis, School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales P.O. Box 1, Kensington, NSW, Australia, 2033. \newblock Tim Menzies' PhD Thesis. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Menzies}{Menzies}{1995c}]{MENZIES95c} Menzies, T. (1995c). \newblock Situated semantics is a side-effect of the computational complexity of abduction. \newblock In {\em Australian Cognitive Science Society, 3rd Conference}. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Menzies and Compton}{Menzies and Compton}{1995}]{MENZIES95d} Menzies, T. and P.~Compton (1995). \newblock The (extensive) implications of evaluation on the development of knowledge-based systems. \newblock In {\em Proceedings of the 9th AAAI-Sponsored Banff Knowledge Aquisition for Knowledge Based Systems}. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Menzies and Gambetta}{Menzies and Gambetta}{1994}]{MENZIES94a} Menzies, T. and W.~Gambetta (1994). \newblock Exhaustive abduction: A practical model validation tool. \newblock In {\em ECAI '94 Workshop on Validation of Knowledge-Based Systems}. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Miller}{Miller}{1990}]{MILLER90} Miller, L.~A. (1990). \newblock Dynamic testing of knowledge bases using the heuristic testing approach. \newblock {\em Expert Systems with Applications\/}~{\em 1\/}(3), 249--269. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Ng}{Ng}{1996}]{KENG96} Ng, K. (1996, October). \newblock {\em Honours Thesis}. \newblock Ph.\ D. thesis, Monash University, Caulfield East, Victoria. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Ourston and Mooney}{Ourston and Mooney}{1990}]{OURSTON90} Ourston, D. and R.~Mooney (1990, August). \newblock Changing the rules: A comprehensive approach to theory refinement. \newblock In {\em Proceedings of the Eighth Natinal Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI '90)}, Boston, pp.\ 815--820. Morgan-Kaufman. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Paris}{Paris}{1987}]{PARIS87} Paris, C. (1987). \newblock Combining discourse strategies to generate descriptions along a naive/expert spectrum. \newblock In {\em IJCAI '87}, Milan, Italy. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Pearl}{Pearl}{1987}]{PEARL87} Pearl, J. (1987). \newblock Embraciing causality in formal reasoning. \newblock In {\em AAAI}, pp.\ 369--373. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Politakis}{Politakis}{1985}]{POLITAKIS85} Politakis, P. (1985). \newblock {\em Empirical analysis for expert systems}. \newblock London: Pitman. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Poole}{Poole}{1989}]{POOLE89} Poole, D. (1989, August). \newblock Normality and faults in logic-based diagnosis. \newblock In {\em Eleventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI '89)}, Detroit, Michigan USA, pp.\ 1304--1310. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Poole}{Poole}{1990}]{POOLE90} Poole, D. (1990). \newblock A methodology for using a default and abductive reasoning system. \newblock {\em International Journal of Intelligent Systems\/}~{\em 5}, 521--548. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Pople}{Pople}{1973}]{POPLE73} Pople, H.~E. (1973). \newblock On the mechanization of abductive logic. \newblock In {\em IJCAI}. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Preece and Shinghal}{Preece and Shinghal}{1992}]{PREECE92a} Preece, A.~D. and R.~Shinghal (1992). \newblock Verifying knowledge bases by anomaly detection: An experience report. \newblock In B.~Neumann (Ed.), {\em 10th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, pp.\ 835--839. John Wiley and Sons, Ltd. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Preece, Shinghal, and Batarekh}{Preece et~al.}{1992}]{PREECE92b} Preece, A.~D., R.~Shinghal, and A.~Batarekh (1992). \newblock Principles and practice in verifying rule-based systems. \newblock {\em The Knowledge Engineering Review\/}~{\em 7\/}(2), 115--141. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Reggia}{Reggia}{1985}]{REGGIA85} Reggia, J.~A. (1985). \newblock Abductive inference. \newblock In {\em Proceedings of the Expert Systems in Government Symposium}, pp.\ 484--489. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Rushby and Crow}{Rushby and Crow}{1990}]{RUSHBY90} Rushby, J. and J.~Crow (1990). \newblock Evaluation of an expert system for fault detection, isolation, and recovery in the manned maneuvering unit. \newblock Technical report, NASA Contractor Report CR-187466, Menlo Park, CA. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Sedgewick}{Sedgewick}{1988}]{SEDGEWICK88} Sedgewick, R. (1988). \newblock {\em Algorithms\/} (Second ed.). \newblock Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Selman and Levesque}{Selman and Levesque}{1990}]{SELMAN90} Selman, B. and H.~J. Levesque (1990). \newblock Abductive and default reasoning: A computational core. \newblock In {\em AAAI 90}, pp.\ 343--348. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Shwe, Tu, and Fagan}{Shwe et~al.}{1989}]{SHWE89} Shwe, M.~A., S.~W. Tu, and L.~M. Fagan (1989). \newblock Validating the knowledge base of a therapy planning system. \newblock {\em Methods of Information in Medicine\/}~{\em 28\/}(1), 36--50. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Silverman}{Silverman}{1992}]{SILVERMAN92} Silverman, B.~G. (1992, April). \newblock Survey of expert critiquing systems: Practical and theoretical frontiers. \newblock {\em Communications of the ACM\/}~{\em 35\/}(4), 106--127. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Smythe}{Smythe}{1989}]{SMYTHE89} Smythe, G.~A. (1989). \newblock {\em Brain-hypothalmus, Pituitary and the Endocrine Pancreas}. \newblock New York: Raven Press. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Stanford University}{Stanford University}{1990}]{AAAI90} Stanford University (1990, March). \newblock {\em Working Notes of the 1990 Spring Symposium on Automated Abduction}. Stanford University. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Stroustrup}{Stroustrup}{1995}]{STROUSTRUP95} Stroustrup, B. (1995, August). \newblock {\em The C++ Programming Language\/} (Second Edition ed.). \newblock Reading, Massachusetts: Addison Wesley. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Struss and Dressler}{Struss and Dressler}{1989}]{STRUSS89} Struss, P. and O.~Dressler (1989, August). \newblock Physical negation - integrating fault models into the general diagnostic engine. \newblock In {\em Eleventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI '89)}, Detroit, Michigan USA, pp.\ 1319--1323. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Suwa, Scott, and Shortliffe}{Suwa et~al.}{1982}]{SUWA82} Suwa, M., A.~C. Scott, and E.~H. Shortliffe (1982). \newblock An approach to verifying completeness and consistency in a rule-base expert system. \newblock {\em AI Magazine\/}~{\em 3\/}(4), 16--21. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Zlatareva}{Zlatareva}{1992a}]{ZLATAREVA93} Zlatareva, N. (1992a). \newblock "ctms": A general framework for plausible reasoning. \newblock {\em International Journal of Expert Systems\/}~{\em 5\/}(3), 229--247. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Zlatareva}{Zlatareva}{1992b}]{ZLATAREVA92} Zlatareva, N. (1992b). \newblock A framework for knowledge-based systems verification, validation, and refinement: The vvr system. \newblock In {\em Proceedings of the 4th Florida AI Research Symposium (FLAIRS'92)}, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Zlatareva and Preece}{Zlatareva and Preece}{1994}]{ZLATAREVA94} Zlatareva, N. and A.~Preece (1994). \newblock State of the art in automated validation of knowledge-based systems. \newblock {\em Expert Systems With Applications\/}~{\em 7\/}(2), 151--167. \end{thebibliography}